ALL ARTICLES

1Institute of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural Development, UAF, Pakistan; 2Department of International Business Management and Commercial Law, BPP University of London; 2Department of Applied Psychology, National University of Modern Languages NUML Islamabad.

*Corresponding Email: uzma_shafiq@hotmail.com

Citations: Liaqat M, Shafiq U and Shafique S, 2025. Exploring the socioeconomic and psychological factors contributing to youth drug addiction in district Lahore, Pakistan. Scientific Records 2(2): 69-75. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.035

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.035

Abstract: This paper addresses socioeconomic and psychological causes of youth drug addiction in Pakistan District Lahore. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was adopted to obtain the data using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed through SPSS and both descriptive and inferential statistic (Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), correlation of Pearson, and logistic regression) were used. The results indicated that unemployment (M = 4.36, SD = 0.78) and poverty (M = 4.28, SD = 0.82) were the most significant socioeconomic factors that contributed to addiction. Among psychological predictors perceived stress (M = 4.32, SD = 0.79) and anxiety (M = 4.18, SD = 0.83) had greatest effect. Regression results (R² = 0.682, p = 0.01) revealed that both socioeconomic and psychological conditions were interrelated and explained 68 percent of the variance in addiction levels. The logistic regression also indicated that peer influence (Exp (B) = 5.70) and exposure to city life (Exp (B) = 3.38) were significant factors that increased the probability of drug use. The study recommends creating better employment and education opportunities for youth to improve their financial status. Further, psychological counseling and rehab facilities should be accessible to youth.

1College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 2Institute of Agricultural Extension Education & Rural Development, University of Agricultural, Faisalabad

*Corresponding Email: asgharali2878@gmail.com

Citations: Shahbaz MS, and Ali A, 2025. The social impact of the China-Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC) on local communities in south Punjab, Pakistan. Scientific Records 2(2): 61-68. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.034

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.034

Abstract: One of the key components of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) that has become a model of developmental with numerous socio-economic implications. This study endeavored to examine the social implications of CPEC on the local communities in South Punjab, including the impacts on livelihoods and indigenous culture. The data were collected through a quantitative questionnaire from 400 respondents in four strategically selected districts (Multan, Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan and Dera Ghazi Khan). The results revealed that CPEC has done much in enhancing employment opportunities (M = 4.36, SD = 0.72), household income (M = 4.20, SD = 0.79) and accessibility to education and healthcare (M = 4.25, SD = 0.78). However, there are significant concerns regarding mass displacements through land acquisition (M = 4.28, SD = 0.74), imbalance in the distribution of benefits (M = 4.20, SD = 0.77), and the loss of traditional livelihoods (M = 4.15, SD = 0.79). Multiple regression analysis showed significant association between various CPEC programs dimensions and perceived social impacts. Infrastructural development was identified to be the strongest predictor of perceived social impacts (β = 0.348, p<0.01). Findings recommend a few interventions to foster fairness, skill development, and community inclusion in decision-making to achieve equitable and sustainable development.

1Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 2Institute of Agricultural Extension Education & Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad; 3Department of International Business Management & Law, Anglia Ruskin University London

*Corresponding Email: fn.146@yahoo.com

Citations: AlWadi1 BM, Nadeem F and Sarwar MF, 2025. Drivers and constraints of adopting entrepreneurship as a sustainable livelihood: perspectives of rural youth in Punjab. Scientific Records 2(2): 54-60. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.033

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.033

Abstract: This study investigated the perceptions of educated unemployed rural youth in Punjab, Pakistan, regarding entrepreneurship as a viable pathway to sustainable self-employment. Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey, data were collected from 300 respondents aged 18–35 years with at least secondary education. Attitudes toward entrepreneurship, perceived barriers, motivators, and sociocultural and economic factors were measured using 5-point Likert-scale items. Results indicate that youth exhibited generally positive attitudes toward entrepreneurship, with the highest mean scores for “Interest in starting a business” (M = 4.12, SD = 0.81) and “Personal growth & independence” (M = 4.05, SD = 0.87). Financial constraints (M = 4.10, SD = 0.85) and lack of entrepreneurial skills (M = 3.95, SD = 0.90) were identified as major barriers, while income generation (M = 4.20, SD = 0.80) and autonomy (M = 4.15, SD = 0.82) emerged as key motivators. Correlation analysis showed significant positive associations between socioeconomic factors and entrepreneurial attitudes (r = 0.28–0.48, p < 0.01). Multiple regression results revealed that attitudes (β = 0.38, p < 0.001), motivators (β = 0.32, p < 0.001), socioeconomic factors (β = 0.22, p = 0.006), and sociocultural factors (β = 0.20, p = 0.006) positively predicted entrepreneurial intentions. In contrast, perceived barriers negatively influenced them (β = -0.25, p = 0.001), explaining 55% of the variance (R² = 0.55). The findings highlight the need for targeted policies, skill development, and financial and social support to promote sustainable youth entrepreneurship in rural Punjab.

1Institute of Agricultural Extension Education & Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad; 2Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding Email: fn.146@yahoo.com

Citations: Nadeem F and Aldawdahi NM, 2025. Investing workplace conflict dynamics, management strategies and employee performance in Punjab’s agricultural development sector Scientific Records 2(2): 45-53. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.032

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.032

Abstract: Conflict in the workplace is a major factor that affects employee performance, organizational effectiveness, and a harmonious environment. This paper focuses on the nature, causes, and impacts of workplace conflict within Punjab agricultural development sector. Further, it explored the conflict management measures undertaken and their usefulness's. A quantitative research design was used to survey 320 employees from various agricultural development organizations (including officers, supervisors, administrative staff, and field workers). The findings show that workplace conflicts mainly result from communication barriers and resource limitations. Differences in leadership styles and role ambiguity also play a significant role, but they are not the primary factors in creating workplace conflicts. Workplace conflict adversely affects all dimensions of employee performance, with job satisfaction being the most affected. Supervisory mediation, open communication, and team discussion proved to be the most effective strategies for managing workplace conflict, with avoidance styles being the least effective. These results highlight the need to embrace integrative conflict-resolution techniques, as well as to promote effective communication, leadership styles, and roles, to foster employee performance and organizational success.

1Institute of Agricultural Extension Education & Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad; 2Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding Email: fn.146@yahoo.com

Citations: Nadeem F and Alsanhani AN, 2025. Constraints faced by rural women in accessing agricultural resources in Punjab, Pakistan. Scientific Records 2(2): 38-44. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.031

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.031

Abstract: Agriculture remains central to Pakistan’s economy, yet rural women face significant constraints in accessing essential agricultural resources. This study investigated the socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional factors influencing rural women’s access to land, credit, irrigation, agricultural inputs, markets, and extension services in Punjab, Pakistan. A quantitative research design was employed, surveying 300 women selected through stratified random sampling from underdeveloped districts of South Punjab. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that decision-making in agriculture (Mean = 2.07, SD = 0.81) and irrigation access (Mean = 2.00, SD = 0.79) were moderately accessible, whereas extension services (Mean = 1.57, SD = 0.71) and credit facilities (Mean = 1.74, SD = 0.72) were least accessible. Key constraints included lack of education (Mean = 4.32, SD = 0.78), limited household income (Mean = 4.10, SD = 0.85), restrictive social norms (Mean = 4.15, SD = 0.82), and inadequate institutional support (Mean = 4.21, SD = 0.80). Chi-square tests indicated education and income significantly influenced access to most resources (p < 0.01), while multiple regression showed socioeconomic (β = 0.345, p < 0.01), cultural (β = -0.198, p < 0.01), and institutional factors (β = 0.251, p < 0.01) explained 54.2% of variance in accessibility. The study highlights the need for literacy programs, financial inclusion, gender-sensitive policies, and strengthened institutional support to enhance rural women’s participation in agriculture.

1Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; 2Institute of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural development, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: h.rehman@studenti.unina.it

Citations: Habib-ur-Rehman and Nadeem F, 2025. Analysis of land and water degradation, its drivers, and remedial strategies for south punjab, pakistan. Scientific Records 2(2): 28-37. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.030

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.030

Abstract: Land and water degradation pose a significant risk to agricultural productivity, rural livelihoods, and food security in South Punjab, Pakistan. This study explored the effects of degradation through a quantitative cross-sectional survey of 300 farm families in five districts (Bahawalpur, Multan, Vehari, Rahim Yar Khan and Dera Ghazi Khan). Findings indicate that the most pernicious forms of land and water degradation are soil salinity (Mean = 3.95, SD = 0.82) and groundwater depletion (Mean = 3.90, SD = 0.81). Further, over-exploitation of groundwater (Mean = 4.05, SD = 0.78), oerusage of agrochemicals (Mean = 3.91, SD = 0.81), and erratic rainfall/droughts (Mean = 3.88, SD = 0.82) are detrimental as well. It also has socioeconomic implications, the most significant of which are the reduction in crop yield (Mean = 4.12, SD = 0.79) and the increase in production costs (Mean = 3.95, SD = 0.82). Both the chi-square and logistic regression analysis indicated that farmers’ perception of degradation is contingent on education, farm size, and contact with extension workers (Nagelkerke R² = 0.28, overall accuracy = 70.3%). To achieve conservation of resource, some remedial practices such as efficient irrigation systems, soil reclamation methods and cultivation of salt-resistant crops needs to be promoted. The paper emphasizes the need for concerted technological, institutional, and policy action to reduce degradation and enhance agricultural resilience in South Punjab.

1National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; 2Department of plant pathology, UC Davis, CA, 95616, USA

*Corresponding Email: duaafaisal81@gmail.com

Citations: Faisal HD, Zahid S and Hussain AK, 2025. Ameliorative effect of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) on hepatic and gut disorder. Scientific Records 2(2): 12-27. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.029

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.029

Abstract: Dandelion contains a high content of vitamins, inulin, phytosterols, amino acids, minerals, triterpenes, and polyphenols. This edible flowering plant has choleretic, diuretic, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is a perpetual herbaceous plant that can detoxify the blood, and support liver function as well as treat numerous systemic illnesses. It has been used for a long time in conventional medicines, as well as in different remedial treatments for a wide extent of symptoms, which include gastrointestinal (GI) diseases and digestive ailments as well as other complicated hepatic related issues. Dandelion is also commonly used in the management and prevention of numerous types of liver illnesses. Ascorbic acid, polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in dandelion are the active ingredients responsible for their hepato-protective properties. Dandelion shows positive health effects against various diseases like hepatic disorders, and GI disorders such as ulcerative colitis, gallstones, gastritis, GI malignancy, and small intestinal ulcer. Phenolic acid and flavonoids are the primary active substances in dandelion that lead to the reduction in oxidative stress and inflammatory damage. For future research, there is a need to enhance natural ways of treating various illnesses by regular consumption of dandelion against hepatic and GI disorders.

1National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad; 2Department of Plant Pathology, UC Davis, CA, 95616, USA

*Corresponding Email: mahnoor11122k@gmail.com

Citations: Noor M, Zafar R and Hussain AK, 2025. Discovering the potential of ashwagandha for hormonal balance: a complete review. Scientific Records 2(2): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.028

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.028

Abstract: Ashwagandha has the botanical name Withania Somnifera (WS) and family name is Solanaceae, a medicinal plant of herbs. Owing to its numerous health benefits, it has been traditionally used in Indian medication. This detailed review unfolds the outlook as whether WS may have an ability to normalize hormone levels, specifically focusing on its impact over pituitary gland functioning, thyroid function regulation, adrenal system homeostasis and likewise sexual & reproduction functions. The bioactive compounds existing in WS, predominantly withanolides, show a vital role in facilitating its pharmacologic actions. The review too highlights the nutritive composition of WS, highlighting its protein, fiber, and vital mineral content. Systematic studies have proved the capability of WS to improve male fertility and normalize thyroid hormones. It also moderates stress related hormones, thereby refining cognitive function and sleep excellence. Furthermore, WS shows distinguished antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, additional contributive to its beneficial versatility. Though, in spite of these auspicious results, additional in vivo studies are required to clarify the primary mechanisms of WS's bioactivities and to authenticate its beneficial potential in hormone stability and additional health aids. This review highlights the standing of continuous research to found the effectiveness of WS as a therapeutic mediator.

1School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of the Gambia, P.O. Box 3530, Serekunda, the Gambia; 2Business Administration, Sukkur Institute of Business Administration University, Sindh, Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: moboye@utg.edu.gm

Citations: Boye M and Agha S, 2025. Understanding the Supply Chain for Bio-Pesticides in Punjab's Rice-Wheat Cropping System: The Role of Dealer Attitudes and Market Dynamics. Scientific Records 2(1): 119-126. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.027

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.027

Abstract: The Rice-Wheat Cropping System (RWCS) of Punjab, Pakistan, is the cornerstone of the nation's food security but faces severe sustainability challenges due to over-reliance on chemical pesticides. While bio-pesticides offer an environmentally sustainable alternative for Integrated Pest Management (IPM), their adoption remains limited. A critical, yet under-researched, barrier is the efficacy of the supply chain and the role of agro-dealers, who are the primary link between manufacturers and farmers. This study examines the supply chain of bio-pesticides in Punjab’s rice-wheat cropping system, focusing on the influence of dealer attitudes and market dynamics on farmer adoption. A quantitative survey was conducted with 150 farmers and 100 dealers, employing structured questionnaires and Likert-scale items to measure awareness, adoption, perceptions, and supply chain factors. Findings reveal that farmers exhibited high awareness of environmental benefits (Mean = 4.45, SD = 0.50, Rank 1) and types of bio-pesticides (Mean = 4.20, SD = 0.62, Rank 2), while adoption was highest for seasonal usage frequency (Mean = 3.85, SD = 0.91, Rank 1) and lowest for participation in training programs (Mean = 2.88, SD = 1.12, Rank 5). Dealers perceived bio-pesticides as effective (Mean = 4.25, SD = 0.55) and profitable (Mean = 4.10, SD = 0.60). Market dynamics showed pricing competitiveness (Mean = 4.00, SD = 0.60) and supply chain efficiency (Mean = 3.95, SD = 0.58) as critical factors. Barriers such as high cost (Mean = 4.10, SD = 0.60) and low awareness of purchase channels (Mean = 3.95, SD = 0.65) were identified, alongside facilitators including affordable pricing and timely availability. Chi-square tests indicated age (X² = 6.42, p = 0.040) and education (X² = 7.85, p = 0.020) significantly influenced adoption. Pearson correlations showed positive associations between awareness, adoption, and supply chain facilitators (r = 0.54–0.68, p < 0.01). The study highlights the importance of developing integrated strategies to enhance awareness, dealer engagement, and supply chain efficiency, thereby promoting sustainable pest management.

1Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State Nigeria; 2Anglia Ruskin University London, United Kingdom; 3Institute of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: mf1s37@student.aru.ac.uk

Citations: Sarwar MF, Wudil AH and Nadeem F, 2025. Economic incentives and ecological awareness: exploring attitudes and influencing factors for organic farming among smallholders in punjab, pakistan. Scientific Records 2(1): 109-118. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.026

Abstract: Organic agriculture is being pointed out as an alternative to the traditional form of farming and is turning out to be a sustainable source of economic and environmental benefit. This study examines the relationship between economic incentives and environmental awareness and the attitude and adoption of organic farming among smallholders in Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 380 smallholder farmers were sampled using a well-designed questionnaire that was supplemented by 20 in-depth interviews. Descriptive results unveiled that the population consisted largely of males (92.1) and middle aged (44.7% fell within the age group 36-50) and had a moderate education level (28.9% were illiterate) and small parcels of land (39.5% had less than 5 acres under cultivation). Market prices (M = 3.99, SD = 0.92) and government subsidy (M = 3.95, SD = 0.88) were concluded to be the most powerful economic incentives. The ecological awareness was also high and particularly in the domain of enhancing soil fertility (M = 4.02, SD = 0.89) and improving health of reduced chemical use (M = 3.96, SD = 0.91). Correlation analysis revealed that there were significant positive associations between economic motivators, ecological awareness and attitudes (r = 0.482-0.604, p < 0.01). The result of a multiple regression showed that ecological awareness (β = 0.412, p < 0.001), economic incentives (β = 0.367, p < 0.001) and education (β = 0.186, p = 0.001) were the strongest predictors of attitudes (R² = 0.479). Logistic regression revealed that the positive impact on the adoption was significant in ecological awareness (OR = 2.50, p < 0.001) and in economic incentives (OR = 2.10, p < 0.001). The findings suggest that the combination of the monetary and ecological education and collaboration are needed to support the sustainable transitions.

1Livestock and Dairy Development Punjab, District Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan; 2University of Al-Qadisiyah/College of Agriculture, Iraq; 3University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: Hussam.alawadi@qu.edu.iq

Citations: Ramzan MU, Alawadi HFN and Basil M, 2025. Impact of adopting biosecurity and improved husbandry practices on income stability and livelihood security of smallholder poultry farmers in punjab, pakistan. Scientific Records 2(1): 99-108. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.025

Abstract: Poultry farming plays a vital role in rural livelihoods and food security in Punjab, Pakistan, yet smallholder farmers face significant income instability due to disease outbreaks and suboptimal husbandry practices. This study assessed the impact of adopting biosecurity and improved husbandry practices on income stability and livelihood security among 300 smallholder poultry farmers. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent t-tests, and multiple regression models. Findings reveal that basic practices, such as proper feed and water management (Mean = 2.13, SD = 0.78) and vaccination against common diseases (Mean = 2.03, SD = 0.81), were moderately adopted, while stringent biosecurity measures, including isolation of sick birds (Mean = 1.68, SD = 0.88), were least practiced. Adoption of these practices significantly enhanced income stability, with higher regularity of monthly income (Mean = 2.08, SD = 0.79) and reduction in disease-related losses (Mean = 2.03, SD = 0.81). Livelihood security also improved, particularly in household food security (Mean = 2.12, SD = 0.78) and income diversification (Mean = 2.05, SD = 0.81). Regression analysis confirmed that adoption positively predicted income stability (β = 0.412, p < 0.01) and livelihood security (β = 0.356, p < 0.01), while cultural factors negatively moderated these outcomes. The study underscores the importance of education, institutional support, and culturally sensitive interventions to promote adoption, enhance productivity, and strengthen smallholder resilience.

1National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 2College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; 3Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China; 4Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

*Corresponding Email: sarawali935@gmail.com

Citations: Sara, Waseem M, Ali M and Arshad M, 2026. Optimizing ultrasonic assisted extraction of proteins from pumpkin seeds for cookie fortification. Scientific Records 2(1): 83-98. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.024

Abstract: This research aimed to optimize ultrasonic-assisted extraction of proteins from pumpkin seeds for their effective use in cookie fortification. Ultrasonic treatment was applied to samples at varying time duration (10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes) while the other parameter like temperature and frequency remained constant at 32℃ and 25kHz for all the 4 treatments. The maximum yield of (42.23%) was obtained at 25minutes. The protein isolates were then analyzed for their different functional properties including protein solubility, emulsifying properties, foaming properties and dispersibility. Ultrasonically extracted pumpkin seed protein isolates were then incorporated into wheat flour at substitution levels of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% to develop fortified cookies. Different analysis including proximate analysis, mineral composition, texture, color, physical properties, and sensory analyses was performed on cookies. Significant results were observed for proximate analysis. Iron, zinc, and potassium content increased with pumpkin seeds protein isolates addition, with iron peaking at (2.09%), zinc at (2.81%), and potassium at (127.70%). Texture hardness also increased from (43.15 to 51.22), while diameter and spread ratio decreased, indicating denser cookie structures. Color analysis confirmed a decrease in lightness (L*) and an increase in redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) with higher pumpkin seeds protein isolates levels. On the basis of sensory evaluation, it was identified that T₂ (15%) pumpkin seeds protein isolates as the most acceptable formulation, with highest score in color (8.12), taste (8.08), texture (7.71), aroma (8.25), and overall acceptability (7.90). Higher substitution levels negatively affected sensory perception despite enhanced nutritional content. In conclusion, the optimal level of protein isolate from pumpkin seeds for cookie fortification was determined to be 15%, balancing improved nutritional value with consumer preferred sensory qualities. This research supports the potential of ultrasonic assisted extracted pumpkin seed protein as a sustainable and functional ingredient in baked goods.

1Institute of Agricultural Extension Education & Rural Development, University of Agricultural, Faisalabad; 2Learning and Educational Leadership, Department of Education, UAE University; 3Department of Social Work, The Islamia University Bahawalpur; 4College of Education, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU); 6Department of International Business and Commercial Law, BPP University of London

*Corresponding Email: g_almurshidi@uaeu.ac.ae

Citations: Khan T, Al-Murshidi G, Majeed M, Alkaabi SS, Almesmari SG and Yousaf U, 2026. Exploring the effects of childhood trauma on adult relationship patterns among Pakistani adults. Scientific Records 2(1): 77-82. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.023

Abstract: Childhood trauma is a serious issue, having long-term psychological effects. However, its specific role in the dynamics of adult relationships is little explored, particularly in the framework of the unique socio-cultural setting of Pakistan, where the family structure, gender roles, and values of collectivism hold particular significance. This relationship is critical to understand how cultural norms are linked to childhood trauma and lead to the development of specific adult relationship patterns. Therefore, the current article reviewed the impact of childhood trauma on the patterns of relationships of Pakistani adults in adulthood (N = 300; age 25-45). Data were collected using a questionnaire and cross-sectional research design. Questionnaire employed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R), and the Relationship Assessment Scale as measures to evaluate trauma experience, adult attachment styles, and relational outcomes, respectively. The result demonstrated that emotional abuse (37.3%, M = 3.42, SD = 0.87) and emotional neglect (31.7%, M = 3.15, SD = 0.89) are the most widespread types of childhood trauma, and sexual abuse was the least reported (11.3%, M = 2.45, SD = 1.05). The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that there were significant positive correlations among childhood trauma and the insecure patterns of attachment (anxious: r = 0.40- 0.46, avoidant: r = 0.36- 0.41, p < 0.01) and significant negative correlations among childhood trauma and the secure patterns of attachment (r = -0.33 to -0.41, p < 0. 01). Trauma had negative relational results in the form of trust (M = 3.36, SD = 0.84), intimacy (M = 3.29, SD = 0.82) and communication (M = 3.41, SD = 0.79). The multiple regression analyses revealed that emotional abuse (β = -0.32, p < 0.001) and neglect (β = -0.28, p < 0.001) had the highest weight in predicting maladaptive patterns of relationships in adulthood. The moderation and mediation analyses indicated that gender norms, family expectations, and attachment styles were also significant in these relationships. The findings highlight the need for culturally able, trauma sensitive interventions to assist in bringing healthier adult relationships in Pakistan.

1Department of International Business and Commercial Law, BPP University of London; 2Institute of Agricultural Extension Education & Rural Development, University of Agricultural, Faisalabad

*Corresponding Email: saeedshahbaz7@hotmail.com

Citations: Yousaf U and Shahbaz MS, 2026. An investigation into the prevalence and psycho-social impact of online harassment on social media platforms among university students in Pakistan. Scientific Records 2(1): 69-76. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.022

Abstract: The rapid proliferation of social media in Pakistan, especially among the youth, has accompanied the rising concern of online harassment in the world. Students at the university, who are at a crucial stage of their personal and professional growth, are particularly susceptible. But there is a lack of empirical studies in the Pakistani sociocultural environment that measure this effect and its exact psychological and social outcomes. This research aimed to examine the prevalence of social media harassment and its psychosocial impacts among university students in Pakistan. Data were gathered on 00 students from 4 universities in Lahore (2 public and 2 private). A quantitative questionnaire was used for data collection, which was then analyzed through SPSS. Findings showed that 35.3% of participants were victims of online harassment in the last six months, with Facebook (42.8%), Instagram (39.5%), and TikTok (34.3%) being the most common platforms where respondents experienced online harassment. There were significant predictors of exposure to harassment, including gender (χ² = 5.76, p=0.016), time spent online (χ² =18.53, p=0.001), and privacy awareness (χ² =9.81, p=0.007). Regression analysis revealed that online harassment had significant negative effects on students’ self-esteem (β = -0.44, p = 0.001), academic performance (β = -0.29, p = 0.001), and social anxiety (β = 0.51, p = 0.001). The majority of the victims were using informal coping strategies, which included blocking the harasser (45.5%) and emotional support from friends and family (36.3%), etc. They rarely seek institutional and legal support. So, there is an immediate necessity to have digital safety policies and readily available institutional support for students at universities, as well as awareness sessions on cybersecurity and avoiding online harassment, to ensure the well-being of students.

1Institute of Agricultural Extension Education & Rural Development, University of Agricultural, Faisalabad; 2Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding Email: fn.146@yahoo.com

Citations: Shahbaz MS and Alsanhani AN, 2025. A comparative analysis of farmers' trust and perceptual heuristic for online agricultural information versus traditional extension agents in Punjab. Scientific Records 2(1): 62-68. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.021

Abstract: This study investigates farmers’ trust and the use of perceptual heuristics in evaluating online agricultural information (OAI) versus traditional extension agents (TEA) in Punjab, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey of 300 farmers assessed trust across nine dimensions, including accuracy, timeliness, relevance, ease of understanding, comprehensiveness, trustworthiness, accessibility, feedback, and perceived usefulness, using a five-point Likert scale. Results from paired sample t-tests indicated that farmers consistently rated OAI higher than TEA, e.g., accuracy of information (OAI: 4.25 ± 0.70; TEA: 3.40 ± 0.85; t = 17.45, p < 0.001) and accessibility (OAI: 4.05 ± 0.76; TEA: 3.15 ± 0.92; t = 15.80, p < 0.001). Heuristics evaluation revealed that availability, representativeness, and familiarity cues were stronger for OAI (e.g., availability: 4.55 ± 0.60) while authority was higher for TEA (4.45 ± 0.63). Multiple linear regression identified significant predictors of trust and heuristic use, including education (β = 0.22, p < 0.001), access to extension services (β = 0.26, p < 0.001), and mobile literacy (β = 0.16, p = 0.002). The findings highlight the complementary roles of digital platforms and traditional agents, suggesting that blended approaches integrating ICT tools and extension services can enhance information credibility, adoption of innovations, and sustainable agricultural practices. This study provides evidence for policymakers, extension organizations, and digital developers to optimize knowledge dissemination strategies in rural contexts.

1Institute of Agricultural Extension Education & Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad

*Corresponding Email: asgharali2878@gmail.com

Citations: Ali A, 2026. Exploring adoption dynamics of digital agri-extension services among farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. Scientific Records 2(1): 54-61. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.020

Abstract: This study investigates the determinants influencing the adoption of digital agri-extension services (DAES) among farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. DAES play a vital role in bridging the information gap between agricultural research and farming practices through mobile applications, SMS, social media, and online platforms. A total of 385 farmers were surveyed using a structured questionnaire, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression. Results revealed a relatively high awareness level (68.2%), but a lower adoption rate (47.98%), indicating a significant gap between knowledge and practical usage. Mobile phone-based advisory services had the highest adoption rate (68.8%), while online weather and market services ranked lowest (36.1%). Regression analysis identified education level (OR = 1.171, p < 0.001), smartphone availability (OR = 1.518, p = 0.001), internet quality (OR = 1.485, p = 0.001), and perceived usefulness (OR = 1.571, p < 0.001) as the most significant predictors of adoption. Institutional factors such as access to extension services (OR = 2.080, p = 0.005) and participation in farmer groups (OR = 1.506, p = 0.038) also positively influenced adoption. The study highlights the need for improved rural digital infrastructure, farmer training, and financial incentives to bridge the awareness-adoption gap and foster sustainable agricultural development.

1Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 2Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding Email: faizi9066@gmail.com

Citations: Akbar, AF and Alsanhani AN, 2025. An analysis of vegetable growers’ perception regarding health hazards associated with pesticide use in district Vehari, Punjab-Pakistan. Scientific Records 2(1): 45-53. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.019

Abstract: The extensive use of pesticides in Pakistan’s vegetable sector poses significant health risks for farmers who are often directly exposed during handling and application. This study analyzed vegetable growers’ perceptions regarding health hazards of pesticide use in District Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan. Using a cross-sectional survey of 200 respondents, data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that farmers were more aware of acute health effects, such as skin irritation (M = 4.12, SD = 0.88) and dizziness/headache (M = 3.95, SD = 0.92), than chronic risks like cancer (M = 2.88, SD = 1.10) or reproductive problems (M = 2.95, SD = 1.08). Among hygiene-related practices, washing hands and bathing after spraying (M = 2.55, SD = 0.61) ranked highest, while use of goggles (M = 1.52, SD = 0.70) and gloves (M = 1.68, SD = 0.74) ranked lowest. Major constraints included high PPE cost (M = 2.48, SD = 0.69) and limited availability (M = 2.40, SD = 0.73). Chi-square analysis revealed significant associations of education (p < 0.01), income (p < 0.05), and extension contact (p < 0.001) with pesticide-related perceptions. Logistic regression showed that education (OR = 2.32), income (OR = 2.00), and extension contact (OR = 3.06) significantly increased the likelihood of perceiving pesticides as hazardous (Nagelkerke R² = 0.31). The study underscores the importance of affordable PPE accessibility, targeted awareness programs, and strengthened extension services to enhance safe pesticide practices in Pakistan.

1Institute of Agricultural Extension Education & Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad; 2Department of International Business Management & Law, Anglia Ruskin University London

*Corresponding Email: fn.146@yahoo.com

Citations: Nadeem F and Sarwar MF, 2025. An investigation into the impact of stresses on the psychological well-being of adolescents in Punjab, Pakistan. Scientific Records 2(1): 39-44. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.018

Abstract: Adolescence is one of the critical parts of development, which is associated with changes in physical, emotional and social adjustment. This paper has looked at the effect of stress on the psychological wellbeing of teenagers in the province of Punjab, Pakistan, and how the relationship is mediated by demographics, including gender, socioeconomic status, and residential backgrounds. The study design was a cross-sectional survey of 160 adolescents with the use of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Ryff's Scales of Psychological Wellbeing (PWB), correlation analyses and multiple regression analyses. Findings showed that the most significant stressors were academic pressure and expectations by the parents. Perceived stress had a significant negative correlation to all psychological wellbeing dimensions (Very strongly, r = -0.15 to weakly, r = -0.48, p <.05). Gender and socioeconomic status moderated the relationship between stress and wellbeing, with no significant correlation between residential background and outcomes. These results recommend interventions on stress reduction and the promotion of healthy lifestyles and psychological wellbeing of adolescents through awareness campaigns and stress therapy.

1Institute of Agricultural Extension Education & Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad; 2Learning and Educational Leadership Department, College of Education, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, P. O. Box 15551, UAE; 3Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2d60, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; 4College of Humanities and Social Sciences, United Arab Emirates University (UAE)

*Corresponding Email: asgharali2878@gmail.com

Citations: Ali A, Murshidi GA, Aldawdahi NM, Almeraisi MM and Alshamsi SK, 2025. Adoption of digital technologies in agriculture: analyzing awareness, utilization and adoption challenges among farmers in district Faisalabad. Scientific Records 2(1): 33-38. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.017

Abstract: Governments are paying great attention and making efforts to promote digital agriculture for increasing productivity, resource use, and sustainability. Instead of enormous potential, the rate and levels of adoption are, however, not consistent across geographical areas and groups of farmers. This study examined the determinants of the adoption of digital agricultural technologies among farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. It employed quantitative survey-based approach to collect data from 120 farmers selected through stratified sampling, including smallholder farmers (50%), medium-scale farmers (30%) and large-scale farmers (20%). Results showed a high to medium level of awareness of farmers regarding digital technologies. A significant majority of farmers utilize smartphones (81.7 %) and the internet (70.1 %). The use of Weather forecast apps was 57.5% and of disease detection apps 23.33%. The adoption of soil monitors, drones, smart irrigation and digital marketing apps was marginal. Was. The significant obstacles in the way of the adoption of advanced digital technologies were high cost, no access, and inadequate training. Findings suggest comprehensive training programs for farmers to raise their digital literacy regarding agricultural apps, as well as their financial support in order to ease their access to modern technologies.

1Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Indonesia

*Corresponding Email: simonkami@student.uns.ac.id

Citations: Alkahmi S, 2025. Optimizing in vitro growth of dendrobium hybrid orchids through basal media formulations and coconut water supplementation. Scientific Records 2(1): 26-32. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.016

Abstract: Dendrobium orchids are among the most widely cultivated ornamental plants, yet large-scale propagation is often constrained by low multiplication rates in conventional methods. In vitro culture offers a reliable alternative, but optimization of basal media and organic supplements is required to improve efficiency. This study investigated the effects of three basal media (Murashige and Skoog, Vacin and Went, and Knudson C) and four concentrations of coconut water (0, 10, 20, and 30%) on the growth of Dendrobium hybrid explants. A factorial experiment arranged in a completely randomized design was conducted with three replications per treatment. Results revealed that basal medium composition significantly influenced explant performance, with MS medium supporting the greatest shoot proliferation, root development, and fresh biomass accumulation. Coconut water supplementation enhanced growth in all media, with 20% identified as the most effective concentration. At this level, explants produced an average of 4.8 shoots per explant, 6.2 roots, and 0.92 g fresh weight. Higher supplementation (30%) did not provide additional benefits and occasionally reduced growth responses, indicating that moderate supplementation is optimal. The findings confirm that MS basal medium enriched with 20% coconut water provides the most favorable conditions for in vitro propagation of Dendrobium orchids. This protocol offers practical value for commercial orchid production and conservation programs by enabling efficient and sustainable plantlet multiplication.

1Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Indonesia

*Corresponding Email: tri8829@mail.uns.ac.id

Citations: Triyanto DE, 2025. Optimization of crystal guava syrup quality through adjustments in fruit pulp and sugar concentration. Scientific Records. 2(1): 19-25. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.015

Abstract: Crystal guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a promising fruit for processing into beverages, yet its conversion into syrup requires careful formulation to balance physicochemical quality and consumer acceptance. This study evaluated the effects of fruit pulp-to-water ratio and sugar concentration on the quality of crystal guava syrup. A factorial design was applied with three pulp-to-water ratios (30:70, 40:60, and 50:50) and three sugar concentrations (50%, 60%, and 70%), each combination replicated three times. Results indicated that both pulp ratio and sugar concentration significantly influenced total sugar content, total dissolved solids (TDS), and viscosity, although their interaction was not significant. Higher pulp and sugar levels increased physicochemical values, with the highest results observed in the 50:50 pulp-to-water ratio combined with 70% sugar (A3B3), which produced 75.11% total sugar, 77.70 °Brix TDS, and 9.92 cP viscosity. Microbiological analysis confirmed that all treatments met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 3544:2013), with total plate counts ranging from 5.3 × 10¹ to 7.7 × 10¹ CFU/mL. Sensory evaluation revealed that higher pulp and sugar levels improved color intensity, aroma, and guava flavor. Hedonic scores ranged from 6.07 to 6.89, with A3B3 achieving the highest overall liking. The findings demonstrate that crystal guava syrup quality can be optimized by combining a 50:50 pulp-to-water ratio with 70% sugar concentration, which balances physicochemical attributes, microbial safety, and consumer acceptance. This formulation offers a practical guideline for developing guava-based syrup products with high market potential.

1,2 National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.

*Corresponding Email: mahnooralvi142@gmail.com

Citations: Fatima M and Azam MU, 2025. Hesperidin effect on heart disorder. Scientific Records 2(1): 10-18. https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62324/SR/2025.014

Abstract: Citrus fruits are a rich source of hesperidin, a flavonoid that has shown promise in supporting cardiovascular health. It’s lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities have been emphasized by several preclinical and clinical investigations. Mechanistically, hesperidin reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indicators by modulating important signaling pathways, including the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. The development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction are all significantly influenced by these processes, which also help to improve endothelial function, control blood pressure, and lessen vascular remodeling. Supplementing with hesperidin has produced positive changes in lipid profiles, lower blood pressure, and lower levels of inflammatory mediators in both human and animal models. The evidence for hesperidin's cardioprotective actions, both in vitro and in vivo, is thoroughly assessed in this review. According to the clinical results, hesperidin may be a useful adjunct therapy in the management and prevention of cardiovascular illnesses, especially when taken as a targeted supplement or as part of a diet high in flavonoids.

1 6 St. Raphael’s Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2 7 Shifa International Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: khadijamaqbool940@gmail.com

Citations: Maqbool K, Tehsin A and Riaz MU, 2025. Prevalence, screening, diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus – A minireview. Scientific Records 2(1): 1-9.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.013

Abstract: The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is an alarming situation all over the world. Numerous factors affect the occurrence of GDM. Some predisposing factors could be old age, family history of diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, low education and income, etc. The diagnosis of GDM remains contentious, with significant practice variability. The new diagnostic criteria for GDM proposed by the IADPSG and the technological advances in GDM diagnosis have the potential to significantly impact the prevalence of GDM and the management of this condition. Recent advances in GDM encompass improved diagnostic criteria, innovative management strategies and a deeper understanding of long-term implications. These developments are crucial for enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes and preventing future metabolic disorders.

1Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan; 2Sugar Crops Research Institute (SCRI), Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: rauf77@awkum.edu.pk

Citations: Ullah F, Rauf A, Khan W, Kumar T, Arif M, Jabbar K, Khan G, Khan W, Khan RW, Ullah M, Ali A, Sultan A, Hussain SS and Khan I, 2024. Assessment of different sugarcane varieties of louisiana for various attributes. Scientific Records 1(2) 105-113. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.011

Abstract: This research investigates the cultivation practices and varietal performance of Louisiana sugarcane varieties (Lu-01, Lu-08, Lu-12, and Lu-16) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), focusing on yield and quality parameters. The cash crop sugarcane plays a strategically vital role in contributing substantially to Pakistan's GDP and promoting sustainability through by-products such as molasses and bagasse. The primary objective was to identify Louisiana sugarcane varieties exhibiting adaptability to the region's changing climatic conditions. The performance of these exotic varieties was compared with two locally cultivated Pakistani varieties, namely Israr Shaheed (SC-CP 80-1827) and Abdul Qayum (CP 85-1491). Key agronomic traits assessed included germination rate, tillering capacity, plant height, stalk formation, cane girth, node development, and leaf area index (LAI). The results indicated that Lu-08 and Lu-12 demonstrated superior early growth in terms of plant height, Lu-01 exhibited vigorous tillering during the initial 90 days, while Lu-16 showed exceptional stalk production. Notable variability in cane girth among the tested genotypes suggests a complex interplay of genetic and environmental influences. Overall, this research has provided a holistic understanding of sugarcane cultivation, encompassing various aspects critical for informed decision-making and sustainable practices. The findings contribute to the optimization of sugarcane yields, fostering economic growth, and promoting environmentally friendly cultivation practices in diverse global contexts

1Institute of molecular biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: mahmood123.4@gmail.com

Citations: Sohail S, Amjad S, Maheen and Hassan Mu, 2024. Eco-friendly water purification: The role of bacterial bioremediation technologies. Scientific Records 1(2) 90-104. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.010

Abstract: One of the major pollutions among the globe is heavy metal pollution. Heavy metals are hazardous to human health e.g. lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic are super harmful for us humans. These can be present in water, soil as well as in our nearby atmosphere. It has been found that bacteria are very useful for this purpose. They have the ability to grow in the presence of such heavy metals and convert these harmful and toxic pollutants into a less harmful form through their metabolism. This unique ability of bacteria has made them an efficient source for the bioremediation of pollutants. Also, bacteria are preferred because they are ubiquitous, easy to grow, easy to manipulate and have an accessible genetic material. This review is focused on summarizing the mechanisms of bacteria for the purpose of bioremediation. It also shares different pathways and enzymes involved in the process of bioremediation. Bacteria have evolved a number of pathways which help in the reduction or depletion of toxicity of pollutants. Different factors affecting bioremediation has also been shared. Furthermore, the applications, both industrial and environmental, has been discussed in this article. The rapid pace of industrialization and urbanization has resulted in excessive emissions of toxic substances and heavy metals into the environment. Alongside natural geological processes like weathering, volcanic eruptions, and hot springs, human activities such as mining, agricultural runoff, oil refining, and waste incineration contribute to water pollution. Thus, the treatment of wastewater and polluted water has become a major issue worldwide. Different strategies used for the treatment of water has also been discussed in this article. Bacterial remediation has emerged as a promising eco-friendly approach for water treatment and pollutant removal. However, despite its potential advantages, this biological treatment method faces numerous challenges that affect its implementation, efficiency, and widespread adoption. This review comprehensively examines the major challenges encountered in bacterial remediation processes, ranging from technical and operational hurdles to economic and regulatory constraints.

1The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore

*Corresponding Email: biolformanite@gmail.com

Citations: Malik B, Babar H, Sarwar W and Alvi AH, 2024. An overview of bioremediation of soil by using fungi. Scientific Records 1(2) 82-89. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.009

Abstract: Phytoremediation is recognized as an environmentally friendly approach. But, the low biomass production, excessive time intake, and exposure to blended toxic strain from infected media weaken the potential of phytoremediation. As a category of plant-beneficial microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can sell plant nutrient uptake, enhance plant habitats, and adjust abiotic stresses, and the utilization of AMF to beautify phytoremediation is considered to be an effective manner to enhance the remediation efficiency. We analyzed the author co-authorship, country, and key-word co-incidence clustering by way of VO Viewer. We summarized the advances in research and proposed prospective research on. The capacity mechanisms of pollutant removal in which AMF are at once concerned thru hyphal exudate binding and stabilization, accumulation in their systems, and nutrient exchange with the host plant are highlighted. Further, the tolerance strategies of AMF through influencing the subcellular distribution of contaminants in addition to chemical shape shifts, activation of plant defenses, and induction of differential gene expression in plants are presented. We proposed that destiny studies must display anaerobic-tolerant AMF lines, observe bacterial interactions with AMF, and utilize AMF for combined pollutant elimination to boost up practical programs.

1The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan; 2Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: asimjamil8896@gmail.com

Citations: Hamza A, Fatima S, Benish S and Anam S, 2024. An overview of bioremediation of soil through bacteria. Scientific Records 1(2) 71-81. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.008

Abstract: Soil contamination caused by hazardous pollutants like heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), and agrochemicals has become a serious environmental issue, threatening soil health, ecosystems, and human well-being. To address this growing problem, different remediation techniques have been developed, including thermal, chemical, and biological methods. Bioremediation stands out as a particularly promising approach because it taps into the natural abilities of bacteria to break down or neutralize harmful pollutants. By harnessing these biological processes, this method provides an environmentally friendly and cost-efficient way to restore polluted soils, making it a sustainable alternative to more conventional methods. Recent breakthroughs in molecular biology and genetic engineering have significantly improved the potential of bacterial strains for breaking down pollutants in a more targeted and efficient manner. These innovations allow for a thoughtful comparison of remediation approaches, highlighting the benefits of bacterial bioremediation over traditional methods. Key bacterial species, along with their specialized metabolic processes, play a vital role in immobilizing heavy metals, degrading hydrocarbons, and breaking down agrochemicals.

1University of Lahore, Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: rahatpaul330@gmail.com

Citations: Paul R and Chohan DTA, 2024. Insecticidal effects of Nerium oleander leaf extract on Myzus persicae. Scientific Records 1(2) 66-70. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.007

Abstract: Myzus persicae, also referred to as the green peach aphid, is a widespread pest found globally, including in North America. It poses a significant threat to agriculture by hindering plant growth, damaging tissues, causing leaves to shrivel, and leading to substantial crop losses. This pest affects both field crops and greenhouse-grown vegetables and ornamental plants, dispersing over long distances through wind. Although synthetic insecticides are effective, their use is associated with human health concerns. This study explores the insecticidal potential of Nerium oleander leaf extracts as a safer, natural alternative. Methanolic extracts, containing polyphenols, alkaloids, and sterols, displayed notable insecticidal activity. Mortality rates were assessed at concentrations of 3.5, 7.5, 13, 26, and 52 µl/L over 24, 48, and 72 hours, yielding LC50 values of 4.592, 2.928, and 1.803 µl/L and LC90 values of 10.621, 7.090, and 6.189 µl/L, respectively. The findings of this study highlight the potent insecticidal properties of Nerium oleander leaf extracts, demonstrating their potential as a sustainable alternative to synthetic insecticides.

1Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing China

*Corresponding Email: biolformanite@gmail.com

Citations: Razzaq A, 2024. Are genetically modified rice important in pakistan? a perspective. Scientific Records 1(2) 52-65. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.006

Abstract: Rice is an important staple food crop of world and a part of population rely on rice production systems. A huge productivity loss is seen due to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Although conventional breeding has played a role in improving yields and nutritional values, but it faces limitations in conquering yield levels and environmental stresses. On the other hand, Biotechnological approaches are proved to enhance plant resistance against yield-reducing factors by incorporating foreign genes into the target plant genome using some molecular approaches. Other plants species such as cotton, wheat, maize, papaya, cassava and sugar cane have been genetically modified and the adopting forming community reports not only an increase crop productivity but also important positive environmental effects. Despite being genetically engineered for years, its large-scale consumption as staple food raises many social and ethical concerns, including its uncertain effects on mammalian tissues. This review summarizes the biotechnological advancement for modification of rice genome, the experiences gained by its adoption in selective crop system and most importantly the pros and cons of its adaption in Pakistan are discussed in detail. Thus, the review is a valuable source of information not only for researchers but also general public.

1Forman Christian College, A Chartered University Lahore

*Corresponding Email: muhammadirfan@fccollege.edu.pk

Citations: Irfan M, 2024. Role of artificial intelligence in the production of cotton for sustainable agriculture. Scientific Records 1(1): 33-51. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.005

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.005

Abstract: Cotton is a natural fiber, which takes up 2.5 percent of all agricultural land. Due to a variety of climate factors, cotton crops are susceptible to bacterial, fungal, viral, and other parasite illnesses that lower crop output. The cultivation of cotton is essential to world agriculture. For instance, the rapid increase in population is closely correlated with a larger demand for cotton. The. Farmers must degrade the soil by applying more toxic pesticides because their traditional ways aren't enough to meet the growing demand. The access use of pesticides negative effect on agricultural practices which causes the land to remain barren and have no fertility. One potential way to solve these issues in response is to incorporate Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies into agricultural methods. The review demonstrates several ways that AI is being used in the agricultural value chain. The literature in this review elaborates on the use of AI in pest identification through the use of drone sensors, irrigation, precision farming, disease and pesticide management, irrigation system, crop monitoring, and wet management. These technologies retain soil fertility, cut lower the overuse of water and pesticides and herbicides, boost productivity, raise quality, and labor efficiency. AI technique has protected farmed yields from hazards such as rising temperatures, population growth, unemployment, and food insecurity. The utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) technology executed in drones. The review also explores the advantages AI adoption has for the environment, such as less water use, lower chemical inputs, and improved biodiversity conservation. The study goes on to discuss hurdles and limitations related to the application of AI, including issues with data privacy and technical difficulties. In conclusion, this review underscores the transformative potential of AI in revolutionizing agricultural practices towards greater sustainability. However, to increase its production, Artificial Intelligence might face several obstacles, including inappropriate soil preparation, pest infestation and diseases, huge data demands, low output, and insufficient farmer knowledge of the technology is cost-effective.

1The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore-Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: muhammad.umer4@mlt.uol.edu.pk

Citations: Khan MU, 2024. Effect of maternal employment on students’ academic achievements at 5th grade level in gujranwala. Scientific Records 1(1): 27-32. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.004

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.004

Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal employment on student’s academic achievement at fifth grade level. Population of the study was comprised on the students of the elementary level schools in district Gujranwala. Convenient sampling was used to select town of Gujranwala. Schools were selected conveniently from; Gujranwala and purposive sampling technique was used to select the subject for the study. The criteria of the study were selection of only those children whose mothers were educated. Two hundred students were chosen from twenty schools. Out of these ten were boys’ schools comprising of five public and five private schools. Ten were girls’ schools out of which five were public whereas five belonged to private sector. Study was quantitative in research. Questionnaire was prepared to collect basic bio data and information related to children’s study, help they sought from their mother and their class results at fifth grade level. Result details of their fifth grade were obtained from class teacher. The response received was analyzed through statistical applications using t-test, ANOVA and cross tabs. On the basis of the data analyzed from the study following findings were drawn: Employed and unemployed mothers help their children in their studies equally. Employed mothers manage time and give appropriate time to help their children so they don’t suffer because of their employment. Maternal employment does not affect their children academic performance regarding time. In our study no significant difference was observed between results of those children whose mothers help them in studies and those whose do not. The reason behind this might be that in case of those mothers who can’t help their children in studies, they may arrange any other source of help like tuition etc. It was also observed that children of unemployed mothers showed better results in school as compared to children of employed mothers. From this it can be inferred that children of unemployed mothers do better because they are happier and more facilitated by their mothers being at home all the time. Whereas children of employed mothers suffer due to absence of their mothers and this affects their overall performance. Maternal employment negatively affected their children academic performance at 5th grade level in Gujranwala.

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: mn118123@gmail.com

Citations: Nawaz M, 2024. Intercropping with oilseeds strategies for superior oil quality and fatty acid profiles. Scientific Records 1(1): 22-26. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.003

Abstract: Intercropping is a strategic agricultural practice that involves growing multiple crops in proximity to enhance resource use and increase overall productivity. This method leverages the complementary nature of different crops to improve soil health, optimize nutrient availability, and manage pests more effectively. Intercropping has gained attention for its potential to enhance crop yields and quality, particularly in oilseed production. As the global demand for high-quality oils and sustainable farming practices rises, understanding how intercropping systems can be utilized to improve oil quality and fatty acid profiles becomes increasingly important. This review paper explores the impact of intercropping on oilseed crops, focusing on the strategies for optimizing these systems and their effects on oil yield and quality. Key findings and practical recommendations for enhancing oilseed production through intercropping are discussed.

Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: fizaali.3855@gmail.com

Citations: Shaukat F, 2024. Innovative weed management strategies for sustainable conservation agriculture. Scientific Records 1(1): 14-21. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.002

Abstract: Innovative weed management strategies are essential for addressing the limitations of traditional agricultural practices and enhancing sustainability within conservation agriculture (CA). Conventional methods, including mechanical tillage and extensive herbicide use, often lead to soil degradation, reduced fertility, and increased environmental pollution. These practices disrupt soil health and accelerate erosion, ultimately compromising agricultural productivity. Conservation agriculture, which emphasizes minimal soil disturbance, continuous soil cover, and crop diversification, offers a sustainable alternative by focusing on resource conservation and environmental protection. However, the shift from traditional tillage necessitates effective weed control measures to prevent weed proliferation and maintain crop yields. There are various innovative strategies, such as biological control, cover cropping, mulching, and precision agriculture, in managing weeds within CA systems. These approaches not only mitigate the reliance on chemical herbicides but also enhance soil health, promote biodiversity, and improve economic resilience. This review paper underscores the importance of various strategies, efficacy of those strategies and CA, challenges in application and how to overcome those challenges, continued research, farmer education, and policy support to advance these practices and achieve a more sustainable agricultural future.

1The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore-Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: biolformanite@gmail.com

Citations: Zaib AA, Zahra N, Fariha, Razzaq A and Wahab A, 2024. A comparative analysis of organic fertilizers and vermicompost on growth of marigold and tomato. Scientific Records 1(1): 1-13 https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.sr/2025.001

Abstract: The growing global population has intensified challenges in food production and waste management. Recycling organic waste into food additives offers a viable alternative, with vermicomposting emerging as a sustainable solution to enhance plant growth while addressing waste concerns. Vermicomposting involves the use of earthworms to transform organic waste into nutrient-rich compost, significantly improving plant growth metrics such as commercial output, total biomass, shoot biomass and root biomass. In this study, 2kg of red worms were acquired, and a recycled plastic bin with drainage holes was prepared, using cow dung as the primary substrate. Before introducing the worms, the cow dung was pre-treated to eliminate harmful gases. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of vermicompost, coconut compost, leaf compost, and urea on the germination and growth of Marigold (Tagetes), Petunia (Petunia × atkinsiana), and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds. The results supported the hypothesis that enhanced soils with vermicompost and coconut compost promoted Marigold growth, with plants reaching a height of 3.6 inches. While soil and biofertilizers had moderate effects, leaf compost and urea were toxic, causing plant mortality. For Tomato seeds, vermicompost achieved the fastest germination rate (12 days) and healthiest growth, with a combination of all biofertilizers also yielding favorable germination. Petunia plants thrived in the vermicompost-soil mixture, flowering after two months and eight days, whereas no flowering was observed with other compost types. Among the tested options, vermicompost proved the most effective, enhancing the growth and health of Marigold and Petunia plants. Coconut compost also supported growth but did not induce flowering in Petunia. Optimal benefits were observed when vermicompost constituted 30-50% of the soil volume, with cow dung identified as the most efficient source material. This research underscores the potential of vermicompost and organic fertilizers to improve soil fertility and crop productivity. It provides an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers, which contribute to soil degradation and environmental pollution. These findings present a promising foundation for integrating biofertilizers into sustainable agriculture and waste management strategies.